Dalia ( he, דַּלִיָּה) is a

kibbutz A kibbutz ( he, קִבּוּץ / , lit. "gathering, clustering"; plural: kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania. Today, farming h ...

in northern

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

. Located in the

Galilee Galilee (; he, הַגָּלִיל, hagGālīl; ar, الجليل, al-jalīl) is a region located in northern Israel and southern Lebanon. Galilee traditionally refers to the mountainous part, divided into Upper Galilee (, ; , ) and Lower Galil ...

about 30 km southeast of

Haifa Haifa ( he, חֵיפָה ' ; ar, حَيْفَا ') is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropol ...

, it falls under the jurisdiction of

Megiddo Regional Council The Megiddo Regional Council ( he, מועצה אזורית מגידו, ''Mo'atza Azorit Megido'') is a regional council in northern Israel encompassing land on the Menashe Plateau, and partly in the Jezreel Valley. The council is bounded by the ci ...

. The kibbutz was established in 1939. As of it had a population of .

History

Kibbutz Dalia was founded by members of two Jewish groups affiliated with the

Hashomer Hatzair Hashomer Hatzair ( he, הַשׁוֹמֵר הַצָעִיר, , ''The Young Guard'') is a Labor Zionist, secular Jewish youth movement founded in 1913 in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary, and it was also the name of the group ...

movement who moved to

Mandatory Palestine Mandatory Palestine ( ar, فلسطين الانتدابية '; he, פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א״י) ', where "E.Y." indicates ''’Eretz Yiśrā’ēl'', the Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity established between 1920 and 1948 ...

in 1933. The first group was called "Ba-Ma'ale" ( he, "במעלה") and was composed of

Romanian Jews The history of the Jews in Romania concerns the Jews both of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is present-day Romanian territory. Minimal until the 18th century, the size of the Jewish population increased after ...

. They underwent agricultural training in Romania before making

Aliyah Aliyah (, ; he, עֲלִיָּה ''ʿălīyyā'', ) is the immigration of Jews from Jewish diaspora, the diaspora to, historically, the geographical Land of Israel, which is in the modern era chiefly represented by the Israel, State of Israel ...

and settling in Hadar Ramatayim,

Magdiel Magdiel ( he, מגדיאל) is one of the four original communities of Jewish agriculture, agriculturalists that combined in 1964 to form Hod Hasharon, Israel. It was founded in 1924 and according to a 1931 census of Palestine, census conducted in ...

(now part of

Hod HaSharon Hod HaSharon ( he, הוֹד הַשָּׁרוֹן, lit. "Splendor of the Sharon, Israel, Sharon plain") is a city in the Central District (Israel), Central District of Israel. The city is located approximately east of the Mediterranean coastline, s ...

) and

Kfar Malal Kfar Malal ( he, כְּפַר מַלָּ"ל) is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Sharon plain, it falls under the jurisdiction of Drom HaSharon Regional Council. In it had a population of . History Before the 20th century the area ...

. The other group was called "Ba-Mifneh" ( he, "במפנה") and was composed of

German Jews The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (''circa'' 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish ...

. Their agricultural training took place mostly in

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...

but also in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

and the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

. They settled in

Karkur Pardes Hanna-Karkur ( he, פַּרְדֵּס חַנָּה-כַּרְכּוּר) is a town in the Haifa District of Israel. In it had a population of . History An Arab village named Karkur had stood at this location by the time the Palestine Ex ...

and earned a living from agriculture, construction and labor in the

Port of Haifa The Port of Haifa ( he, נמל חיפה) is the largest of Israel's three major international seaports, the others being the Port of Ashdod, and the Port of Eilat. It has a natural deep-water harbor, which operates all year long, and serves both pa ...

. The

Kibbutz Artzi The Kibbutz Movement ( he, התנועה הקיבוצית, ''HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit'') is the largest settlement movement for kibbutzim in Israel. It was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi and is made u ...

network of the Hashomer Hatzair movement has decided to unite the groups in April 1939 and the two were symbolically united on 1 May (

International Workers' Day International Workers' Day, also known as Labour Day in some countries and often referred to as May Day, is a celebration of labourers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labour movement and occurs every year on 1 May, ...

). That same day 50 members, 25 from each group, arrived at the permanent location of the settlement, next to the Arab village of

Daliat-El-Ruha Daliyat al-Rawha ( ar, دالية الروحاء, ''Dâliyat er Rûhâ'', "vineyards ( دالية) of al-Rawha") was a Palestinian village located southeast of Haifa.Khalidi, 1992, p. 157. It was the site of the signing of a ceasefire agreement b ...

(depopulated in 1948) and began cultivating the land which was owned by the

Jewish National Fund Jewish National Fund ( he, קֶרֶן קַיֶּימֶת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, ''Keren Kayemet LeYisrael'', previously , ''Ha Fund HaLeumi'') was founded in 1901 to buy and develop land in Ottoman Syria (later Mandatory Palestine, and subseq ...

(KKL). The first industry of the kibbutz was a small soap factory. The 1940s saw major developments in the kibbutz. Between 1940 and 1943 a stable, cowshed (used until 1970), a

pen A pen is a common writing instrument that applies ink to a surface, usually paper, for writing or drawing. Early pens such as reed pens, quill pens, dip pens and ruling pens held a small amount of ink on a nib or in a small void or cavity wh ...

, cheese factory, a textile factory, a chicken coop (used until 1973) and a beehive were built. A road was paved by the members from the nearby kibbutz of

Ein HaShofet Ein HaShofet ( he, עֵין הַשּׁוֹפֵט, ''lit.'' Spring of the Judge) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Menashe Heights region around 25 km southeast of the city of Haifa, close to Yokneam, it falls under the jurisdic ...

, connecting it to the rest of the country's transportation system. The first permanent building was a house, which housed the kibbutz' babies. In the 40s the kibbutz also had a rabbit farm, which was the main source of meat during the austerity period of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

. In 1944 youth from the kibbutz organized a group, which later joined the

Palmach The Palmach (Hebrew: , acronym for , ''Plugot Maḥatz'', "Strike Companies") was the elite fighting force of the Haganah, the underground army of the Yishuv (Jewish community) during the period of the British Mandate for Palestine. The Palmach ...

militia. One of their members died in the "

Night of the Bridges The Night of the Bridges (formally Operation Markolet) was a Haganah venture on the night of 16 to 17 June 1946 in the British Mandate of Palestine, as part of the Jewish insurgency in Palestine (1944–7). Its aim was to destroy eleven bridges l ...

", an operation by the Jewish militias against bridges on the borders of

. They fought with the Yiftah Brigade during the

1948 Arab–Israeli War The 1948 (or First) Arab–Israeli War was the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. It formally began following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine at midnight on 14 May 1948; the Israeli Declaration of Independence had ...

and some of them established Kibbutz Harel. In 1947 the kibbutz housed a nationwide squad leader course for the Palmach. During the war, an Egyptian plane was downed near the kibbutz and its pilot was caught and put in the kibbutz' cowshed, which drew the children's attention. The kibbutz helped the war effort by donating its only truck and also using the local facilities to help Israel's military industries. File:שומר בתצפית בדליה-JNF022313.jpeg, Dalia 1940 File:דליה - מראה הקיבוץ דליה.-JNF045137.jpeg, Dalia 1943 File:קבוץ דליה-JNF003523.jpeg, Dalia 1944 File:קבוץ דליה - בבית המלאכה-JNF003531.jpeg, Dalia workshop 1944 File:קבוץ דליה - הרפת-JNF003530.jpeg, Dalia dairy 1944 File:Dalia ii.jpg,

Yiftach Brigade The Yiftach Brigade (also known as the Yiftah Brigade, the 11th Brigade in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War) was an Israeli infantry brigade. It included two Palmach battalions (the 1st and 7th), and later also the 2nd, which was transferred from the ...

1st Battalion, "D" Company, roll-call, Dalia. 1948

Culture

Cultural and communal activities flourished in the kibbutz. A folk-dancing festival organized by Gurit Kadman in 1944 was held at the "Khan" on the kibbutz during the festival of

Shavuot (''Ḥag HaShavuot'' or ''Shavuos'') , nickname = English: "Feast of Weeks" , observedby = Jews and Samaritans , type = Jewish and Samaritan , begins = 6th day of Sivan (or the Sunday following the 6th day of Sivan i ...

. The

Book of Ruth The Book of Ruth ( he, מגילת רות, ''Megilath Ruth'', "the Scroll of Ruth", one of the Five Megillot) is included in the third division, or the Writings (Ketuvim), of the Hebrew Bible. In most Christian canons it is treated as one of the ...

(Megilat Ruth) was the theme of the festival, and residents of the various settlements in this region took part. Among the participants was Yemeni Jewish

Sara Levi-Tanai Sara Levi-Tanai ( he, שרה לוי-תנאי; c. 1910 – 3 October 2005) was an Israeli choreographer and song writer. She was the founder and artistic director of the Inbal Dance Theater and recipient of the Israel Prize in dance. Prizes and ...

, who founded the

Inbal Dance Theater Inbal Dance Theater ( he, תאטרון מחול ענבל, ''Teatron Makhol Inbal'') is Israel's first and oldest modern dance company, started in 1949. History The company was founded in 1949 by Israel Prize recipient Sara Levi-Tanai. Under the ...

company in 1949. The festival lasted for two days, with 200 dancers and 3,000 viewers. Three years later, in 1947, a second dance festival was held in the natural amphitheater beside the kibbutz. At this festival, several hundred dancers participated, watched by some ten thousand people from all over the country.

Kibbutz A kibbutz ( he, קִבּוּץ / , lit. "gathering, clustering"; plural: kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania. Today, farming h ...

theatre director

Shulamit Bat-Dori , native_name_lang = Hebrew , birth_name = Shulamit Gutgeld , birth_date = , birth_place = Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire , death_date = February 1985 (age 80) , death_place = Mishmar Ha ...

directed the last two dance festivals held at Kibbutz Dalia, in 1958 and 1968. The 1958 production spotlighted 1,500 dancers, while the 1968 festival featured 3,000 dancers and attracted 60,000 audience members.

References

External links

* {{Authority control Kibbutzim Kibbutz Movement Populated places established in 1939 Jewish villages in Mandatory Palestine 1939 establishments in Mandatory Palestine Populated places in Northern District (Israel) German-Jewish culture in Israel Romanian-Jewish culture in Israel

History

Culture

See also

References

External links